Romanian and Moldavian political and cultural issues: a current look. André PALEOLOGUE Once a rich province of the Roman Empire, Dacia gave rise to the Romanian principalities of Moldavia, Wallachia and Transylvania in the Middle Ages. Latin in culture, but close to Constantinople, which later became Istanbul, the Romanians of Moldavia, besieged by Slavs, Magyars and Ottomans, pursued a defensive policy for centuries, while finding ways to maintain their political and cultural autonomy, and above all their language, beliefs and ancestral customs. The history of Romanian Moldavians is that of a people who have preserved European values and ideals despite wars past and present, and the experience of totalitarianism in the 20th century. All these historiographical arguments give the Moldavian regions an undeniable European legitimacy.