Poligny's first church, Notre-Dame Mouthier-le-Vieillard, was built in the 9th century on the site of a former chapel. It was completed in the 11th century. The first town of Poligny grew up around this church, before the town was moved to the foot of the Grimont hill. Situated outside the protected town from the 13th century onwards, the church has undergone a great deal of destruction over the years. However, some old features remain, notably the 12th-century bell tower and its slate roof.
It also contains a number of sculptures, altarpieces and paintings that are listed or registered as Historic Monuments. Several pieces were sold to the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. Originally, the church had three naves and several chapels. The transept crossing and two bays of the choir remain.
The building can be visited in July and August and during the European Heritage Days.